Visas:
Most Latin American countries don't require visas, but sometimes the regulations change. It would be a good idea to check with the embassy or consulate before your visit. Upon arrival you may have to fill out a customs form, so make sure to have a hotel address to put down, even if you end up staying somewhere else. Most countries allow visitors to stay for a maximum of 90 days. If you want to stay for any longer you can apply for an extension at the nearest immigration office. These extensions are usually granted.

Fiestas:
La Paz, Bolivia: Fieria De Alasitas, (January)
Rio de Janeiro, Brazil: Carnival, (February/March)
Cartagena, Colombia: International Caribbean Music Festival (March)
Semana Santa, (March/April),
Peru: Qoyllur Riti (May/June)
Cusco, Peru: Inti Raymi and Corpus Christi (June) Argentina: Dia de la Tradicion (November)

Telephones:
The country codes for international calls: Argentina 54, Belize 501, Bolivia 591, Brazil 55, Chile 56, Colombia 57, Equador 593, French Guiana, French Antile 594, Guatemala 502, Paraguay 595, Peru 51, Uruguay 598, Venezuela 58.

Listed below are the estimated daily living expenses in South America, which includes accommodation, food, and travel costs. This is just an estimate, so make sure to have a little bit more than your budget.

Less than $15:
Bolivia, Colombia, Paraguay

$15-25:
Argentina, Brazil, Ecuador, Guyana, Peru, Suriname, Uruguay, Venezuela

Over $25:
Belize, Chile, French Guiana